In particular, the physical structure of a stepper motor differs from that of AC and DC motors. Another distinction is that the output power of a stepper motor is adjustable and variable. A stepper motor is a mechanical power device that can receive digital signals, featuring extremely high precision, a compact size, easy installation, and relatively large output torque. There are also various specifications available on the market. Below is a detailed introduction to the selection techniques for stepper motors.
In practical applications, select a stepper motor based on the required torque. For example:
- If the torque required is below 0.8 N·m, choose models with frame sizes (in mm) of 28, 35, 39, or 42.
- If the torque required is around 1 N·m, a 57-series stepper motor is more suitable.
- If the torque required is several N·m or higher, select stepper motors with specifications such as 75, 85, 86, 90, 110, or 130.
When selecting a stepper motor, rotational speed must also be considered: the torque of a stepper motor is inversely proportional to its rotational speed. In other words, the higher the rotational speed, the smaller the torque; conversely, the lower the rotational speed, the larger the torque.
However, in some cases, high rotational speed is required while maintaining relatively large torque. Special attention should be paid here, and the selection method is as follows: Evaluate the size of the motor’s coil and inductance, and choose a stepper motor with a small inductance value—this ensures larger torque can be obtained. On the contrary, if large torque at low speed is required, select a stepper motor with large inductance and resistance values; an inductance value of several tens of mH is ideal.
The no-load starting frequency is also a crucial indicator. If the motor is required to start and stop frequently in an instant, and operate at a rotational speed of approximately 1000 rpm (or higher), "accelerated starting" is usually necessary.
For direct starting to achieve high-speed operation, it is advisable to select a variable reluctance or permanent magnet stepper motor, as these types of stepper motors have relatively high "no-load starting frequencies". More insights into stepper motor selection techniques will be covered in the following content.
This aspect is often overlooked, but choosing a stepper motor with the appropriate number of phases can improve work efficiency and quality. For instance:
- Selecting a stepper motor with more phases can reduce vibration and achieve a smaller step angle. In most cases, 2-phase and 4-phase stepper motors are commonly used.
- For applications requiring high-speed operation with large torque, 3-phase stepper motors are highly practical, as they can achieve high-speed rotation while maintaining large torque.
Specialized stepper motors (e.g., waterproof and oil-proof models) are used in specific scenarios. Most stepper motors in the 75BYG series feature a waterproof structure. However, customers in need of such specialized stepper motors may face challenges: these models are rarely available on the market and typically require customization from manufacturers.
The above covers the key techniques for selecting stepper motors. If you have additional effective selection methods, we welcome you to share them for mutual learning.
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